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BY During the holiday season, I started to notice that a new app, was becoming popular with my friends. For those of you who don’t know, Trivia Crack is a new game for, and. The premise of the game is simple, and very similar to another popular app from last year, QuizUp. Essentially, you answer trivia questions of various categories, competing against your friends for bragging rights. Despite the simplicity (or maybe due to it), Trivia Crack has become very popular as of late—racking up 5.3 million and becoming the top free app in the Google Play (Android) store. You’d think the developers of such a polished and successful game might have taken the time to implement it in a way that is secure from cheating, but it turns out writing a program to cheat at Trivia Crack is actually fairly simple. Over the course of a weekend, I was able to write and release a Chrome extension, that turned me from a mediocre-at-best Trivia Crack player to a seemingly genius demigod.
You can see Trivia Cracker in action below. So what’s wrong with Trivia Crack’s implementation that allowed me to so easily build a tool that lets anyone cheat? In short—when the Trivia Crack client requests from the Trivia Crack server the next question to ask the user, the server responds not just with the question and the possible answers, but also sends which answer is the correct answer. The details of the vulnerability, how I found it, and how I built a Chrome extension to take advantage of it are below.
1) Finding the vulnerability After losing to my friends in Trivia Crack one too many times, I decided I wanted to see if I could win in my own, special way. While I’m not so good at random trivia, I am pretty good at reverse-engineering. I suspected I might be able to take advantage of sending my own requests to Trivia Crack’s servers, or using some data in the responses from Trivia Crack’s servers, to gain an edge in the game. So I started by researching what kinds of data the Trivia Crack client and server pass back and forth.
To inspect this data, I played Trivia Crack in my browser, while recording and inspecting the requests and responses sent between Trivia Crack’s client and server using a tool I’d created previously called. Yes, I know I could have used Fiddler or Chrome’s Developer Tools to do the same. I decided to use Gargl instead because in addition to letting you view client/server requests/responses, Gargl also lets you modify and parameterize these requests, and then auto-generates modules in a programming language of your choice so you can make these same requests without writing a line of code. More on that later. Anyway, after telling to start recording and going to Trivia Crack in my browser, the first step was to figure out which of the many requests being sent on this Facebook page were related to Trivia Crack, versus Facebook itself.
Inspecting the HTML on the page showed that the Trivia Crack content is embedded into Facebook via an iframe. The element right above this iframe was a form meant to post to a peculiar URL:. Trivia Crack This made me think maybe the questions were predetermined, and the “random spinner” in fact was predetermined to land on a certain category (and ask a certain question) based on the response from the server to the “api.preguntados.com/api/users//games/” request that sent before you click the “Spin” button. To me, this meant I could probably alert the user to the question they are about to be asked ahead of time, so they would have as much time as they wanted to think about it or look it up. This would be an advantage because in Trivia Crack, you only get 30 seconds to answer a question once the question is shown, to prevent the user from looking up answers. In addition, in some game modes its not just the number of questions you get correct, but also the amount of time you take to answer, that determines if you win.
If I could show the user the question ahead of time, they could obviously answer it much more quickly once Trivia Crack itself shows the question. So I figured I had a lead and dug into the details of this request. It turns out this request actually provided a much larger “cheater’s advantage” than I thought 2) The vulnerability in detail Using to look at the “api.preguntados.com/api/users//games/” request/response in detail, I was able to confirm that it does indeed provide the question to be asked, as well as the possible answers, in the response. However, I was surprised to find that the correct answer to the question is also embedded in the response! Trivia Crack I also used my browser to find that repeated GET requests to “api.preguntados.com/api/users//games/” always give the same response, until you answer the question it provides. This means I could request this URL from my own tool and still receive the same question as the Trivia Crack client on Facebook would receive.
A response containing the correct answer, when the goal is that the user must determine the answer themselves, is in direct conflict with the “” practice of programming—particularly the “” Web programming principle. Since the server has no control over how the client acts, it can’t assume the client will not act in a malicious way, and so must protect itself. The correct way of implementing answer checking behavior is to do it on the server side. How to program microsoft multimedia keyboard. Don’t send the correct answer to the client at any point, and instead make the client send the user’s answer to the server, where the server will then check it for correctness and credit the user if correct (and of course, only allow one answer to be sent per user per question).
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However, Trivia Crack did not do this, and instead trusts the client. Now it was just a matter of creating a malicious client to take advantage of the fact that the correct answer is sent in the response. Ideally, one that would be easy for non-technical users to install and use. Hmm how about a Chrome extension that just adds a button to the Trivia Crack game, when played, that when clicked answers the current question correctly automatically?? 3) Taking advantage of the vulnerability As I mentioned above, allows you to take the requests you had it record, modify, and parameterize them as needed, and then auto-generate modules in a programming language of your choice to make these same requests. I’m not going to go into the details of that process since you can look at one of my to find that info, but essentially I generated a ‘s various API requests, using the, and then used a Gargl generator to turn that template file into a.
Using Gargl for this allowed me to create a JavaScript library that talks to Trivia Crack’s servers, without writing a line of code to do so, and also have a template file around for the future in case I want to do the same thing later for another programming language. Once I had this Trivia Crack JavaScript library, it was a simple matter of building a Chrome extension in JavaScript that runs on the domain loaded in the Trivia Crack Facebook game page iframe (preguntados.com), adds a button to the HTML for the game, and when that button is clicked requests the “api.preguntados.com/api/users//games/” URL, parses the response for the correct answer, and then clicks the answer button on the page representing the correct answer.
What are the short-term effects of crack cocaine? Crack causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite—intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug. People who use it often don’t eat or sleep properly. They can experience greatly increased heart rate, muscle spasms and convulsions.
The drug can make people feel paranoid, angry, hostile and anxious—even when they aren’t high. Regardless of how much of the drug is used or how frequently, crack cocaine increases the risk that the user will experience a heart attack, stroke, seizure or respiratory (breathing) failure, any of which can result in sudden death. Smoking crack further presents a series of health risks. Crack is often mixed with other substances that create toxic fumes when burned.
As crack smoke does not remain potent for long, crack pipes are generally very short. This often causes cracked and blistered lips, known as “crack lip,” from users having a very hot pipe pressed against their lips.
“The only thing on my mind was crack cocaine. And if somebody offers you any of it, you’ll jump at it and take it. It’s like offering a starving man a loaf of bread if he walks for miles. “Things came to a head for me when I’d been smoking constantly for a couple of weeks. One day I just decided I’d had enough—I couldn’t live like this anymore.
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And I tried to commit suicide. “I’m going to have to try and fight.I hope my survival instincts kick in.” —John What are the long-term effects of crack cocaine? In addition to the usual risks associated with cocaine use, crack users may experience severe respiratory problems, including coughing, shortness of breath, lung damage and bleeding. Long-term effects from use of crack cocaine include severe damage to the heart, liver and kidneys. Users are more likely to have infectious diseases.
Continued daily use causes sleep deprivation and loss of appetite, resulting in malnutrition. Smoking crack cocaine also can cause aggressive and paranoid behavior. As crack cocaine interferes with the way the brain processes chemicals, one needs more and more of the drug just to feel “normal.” Those who become addicted to crack cocaine (as with most other drugs) lose interest in other areas of life. (Photo credit: courtesy infoImagination.org) Coming down from the drug causes severe depression, which becomes deeper and deeper after each use. This can get so severe that a person will do almost anything to get the drug—even commit murder.
And if he or she can’t get crack cocaine, the depression can get so intense it can drive the addict to suicide. “I retired as a successful corporate exec who had put two daughters through college and had earned my retirement. My retirement party was, however, the beginning of five years of hell. That was when I was introduced to crack cocaine for the first time. Over the next five years, I would lose my home, my wife, all my financial resources, my health and almost my life.
I also spent two years in prison.” —William PHYSICAL & MENTAL EFFECTS SHORT-TERM EFFECTS Because it is smoked, the effects of crack cocaine are more immediate and more intense than that of powdered cocaine.